Teaching Resources Repository about Race/Colonization

About: I am a living document, meaning I get updated all the time. Check back in frequently for new information. I was built by physical/biological anthropologists so my listings are heavily biased towards biological fields. I incorporate lists from many resources and try to give credit where possible.

Part A: Resources for Teaching and Facilitation Discussions about Race & Colonization
Part B: Resources for More Diverse Authors of Biological Anthropology Subjects

Part A: Resources for Teaching and Facilitation Discussions about Race and Colonization

The resources included in Part A specifically discuss race and/or colonization and are meant to help teachers decide which resources would work best in their class by collating information from the myriad circulating lists.

Articles

AAPA. 1996. AAPA Statement on Biological Aspects of Race. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 101(4):596-570. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1331010408

Alemseged Z, Kiura PW, Mbua E, Njau J, Pobiner B. 2012. A platform for East African paleoanthropology: third biannual conference of the EAAPP. Evolutionary Anthropology 21:89-91. 10.1002/evan.21309

Anton SC, Malhi RS, Fuentes A. 2018. Race and diversity in U.S. biological anthropology: a decade of AAPA initiatives. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 165:158-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23382

Armelagos GJ, Van Gerven DP. 2003. A century of skeletal biology and paleopathology: contrasts, contradictions, and conflicts. American Anthropologist 105(1):53-64. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2003.105.1.53

Barber PH., Hayes, T.B., Johnson, T.L., and Márquez-Magaña, L. 2020. Systemic racism in higher eduction. 369(6510): 1440-1441. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6510/1440.2/tab-article-info

Benn Torres J. 2018. "Reparational" genetics: genomic data and the case for reparations in the Caribbean. Genealogy 2:7. https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy2010007

Benn Torres J, Kittles RA. 2007. The relationship between "race" and genetics in biomedical research. Current Hypertension Reports 9:196-201. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23979

Bezanson M & McNamara A. 2019. The what and where of primate field research may be failing primate conservation. Evolutionary Anthropology 28(4):166-178. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21790 (blurb from SpiderMonkeyTales Blog)

Examines the distribution of primate field research across taxa and research sites, highlighting biases toward major field sites and frequently studied taxa, potential publication biases, and ethical issues with the lack of community engagement and acknowledgement.

Bhopal R. 2007. The beautiful skull and Blumenbach's errors. British Medical Journal 335:1308-1309. 10.1136/bmj.39413.463958.80

Blair ME. 2019. Toward more Equitable and inclusive spaces for primatology and primate conservation. International Journal of Primatology. 40:462-464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-019-00093-y (blurb from SpiderMonkeyTales Blog)

Commentary on how primatology needs to work toward decolonizing and becoming more equitable.

Boas F. 1904. The history of anthropology. Science 20:513-524. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.20.512.513

Bolnick DA, Fullwiley D, Duster T, Cooper RS, Fujimura JH, Khan J, Kaufman JS, Marks J, Morning A, Nelson A, Ossorio P, Reardon J, Reverby SM, Tallbear K. 2007. The science and business of genetic ancestry testing. Science 318:399-400. 10.1126/science.1150098

Brace CL. 1964. On the race concept (with comments from others). Current Anthropology 5:313-320. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2740257

Brues AM. 1994. Forensic diagnosis of race - general race vs specific populations. Social science & Medicine 34:125-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(92)90089-9

Caspari R. 2003. From Types to Populations: A century of race, physical anthropology, and the American Anthropological Association. American Anthropologist 105(1):65-76. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2003.105.1.65

Chakravarti A. 2015. Perspectives of Human Variation through the Lens of Diversity and Race 7(9). https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a023358

Fuentes A, Ackermann RR, Athreya S, Bolnick D, Lasisi T, Lee S-H, McLean S-A, Nelson R. 2019. AAPA Statement on Race and Racism. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 169(3):400-402. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23882

Garland E. 2008. The Elephant in the Room: Confronting the Colonial Character of Wildlife Conservation in Africa. Africa Studies Review 51(3): 51-74. https://doi.org/10.1353/arw.0.0095

This paper specifically discusses the associations of colonialism and conservation with a focus on Africa. The authors specifically discuss how African animals have become embedded in the western consciousness due to colonialism and conservation is an example of neocolonialism. The author also uses specific examples with Jane Goodall and Mike Fay in Gombe. Overall pointing to the issues with having privileged white people (e.g., Dian Fossey, Ian Redmond etc) represented as the main advocates of the African Environment and the erasure of the work of Africans. Author sums conservation up as a productive process in which both African and on-african engaged in differently empowered vantage points (linked to capitalism).

Goodrum MR. 2004. Prolegomenon to a history of paleoanthropology: the study of human origins as a scientific enterprise. Part 1. Antiquity to the eighteenth century. Evolutionary Anthropology 13:172-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.20029

Goodrum MR. 2004. Prolegomenon to a history of paleoanthropology: the study of human origins as a scientific enterprise. Part 2. Eighteenth to the Twentieth Century. Evolutionary Anthropology 13:224-233. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.20030

Graves JL. 2019. African Americans in evolutionary science: where we have been, and what's next. Evolution: Education and Outreach 12:18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12052-019-0110-5

Gravlee CC. 2009. How Race Becomes Biology: Embodiment of Social Inequality. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 139:47-47. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20983

An excellent review of the statistics related to health inequalities between racial populations. Critiques the historical views by reviewing patterns of human genetic variation, the biology=genetics conflation, challenges the post-racial view (that race is not real and therefore has no consequences).

Gravlee CC, Bernard HR, Leonard WR. 2003. Boa's changes in bodily form: the immigrant study, cranial plasticity, and Boas's physical anthropology. American Anthropologist 105:326-332. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2003.105.2.326

Hernandez, C. 2021. Science while brown. Science 374 (6573). https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.acx9755 https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.acx9755

Hopee TA et al. 2019. Topic choice contributes to the lower rate of NIH awards to African-American/black scientists. Science Advances 5:eaaw7238. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw7238

Looking at six decision points in the grant review process, black scientists submitted fewer grants, were more likely to be younger/early career scientists, received lower impact scores, and had lower discussion rates (a major decision point in the grant review process). Black scientists were more likely to submit grants in topic areas that are underfunded, with keywords (socioeconomic, health care, disparity, lifestyle, adolescent, risk). The authors suggest that most of these disparities are due to the reviewer process, and point to possible corrections needed in the reviewing process.

Hrdlicka A. 1914. Physical Anthropology in America: an historical sketch. American Anthropologist. 16:508-554. https://www.jstor.org/stable/660774

Hudson M et al. 2020. Rights, interests and expectations: Indigenous perspectives on unrestricted access to genomic data. Nature Reviews Genetics 21:377-384. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-020-0228-x

Perspective piece raising concerns about the push for open access genomic data in terms of inclusion of indigenous groups' data. Has a good table (Table 1) that overviews three principles (building trust, enhancing accountability, improving equity) with issues raised by indigenous communities and suggestions for actions for researchers to address the issues.

Ifekwunigwe JO, Wagner JK, Yu J-H, Harrell TM, Barnshad MJ, Royal CD. 2017. A qualitative analysis of how anthropologists interpret the race construct. American Anthropologist 119(3):422-434. 10.1111/aman.12890

Jackson FLC. 2016. DNA and diasporas. Nature 529:279-280. https://doi.org/10.1038/529279a

Jackson F, Jackson L, Cross C, Clarke C. 2016. What could you do with 400 years of biological history on African Americans? Evaluating the potential scientific benefit of systematic studies of dental and skeletal materials on African Americans from the 17th through 20th centuries. American Journal of Human Biology 28:510-513. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22821

Jones J, Goodman A. 2005. BiDil and the "fact" of genetic blackness. Anthropology News 46(7):26. https://doi.org/10.1525/an.2005.46.7.26

Jones J, Beckrich A. 2006. Understanding race, human variation and health. Anthropology News 47(2):25-26. h ttps://doi.org/10.1525/an.2006.47.2.25.1

Kahn J. 2008. Race, genes, and justice: a call to reform the presentation of forensic DNA evidence in criminal trials. Brooklyn Law Review 74(2):325-375. 10.2139/ssrn.1108316

Katya A. 2006. Reflections on "race" and the biologization of difference. Patterns of Prejudice 40(4/5):353-379. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313220601020098

Keita SOY, Boyce AJ. 2001. "Race": confusion about zoological and social taxonomies, and their places in science. American Journal of Human Biology 13:569-575. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.1095

Keita SOY, Kittles RA. 1997. The persistence of racial thinking and the myth of racial divergence. American Anthropologist. 99:534-544. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1997.99.3.534

Keita SOY, Kittles RA, Royal CDM, Bonney GE, Furbert-Harris P, Dunston GM, Rotimi CN. 2004. Conceptualizing human variation. Nature Genetics Supplement 36:S17-S20. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1455

Lee DN. 2020. Diversity and inclusion activisms in animal behaviour and ABS: a historical view from the U.S.A. Animal Behaviour. 164:272-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.03.019(blurb from SpiderMonkeyTales Blog)

Review of the contributions of underrepresented minorities to the field of American animal behavior research from the 1800s to the present to restore these narratives into the discipline's history. If you use this article in your course, please make sure you send your syllabi to the author!

Lewis AE. 2018. Africanizing science in post-colonial Kenya: long-term field research in the Amboseli ecosystem, 1963-1989. Journal of the History of Biology 51:535-562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10739-017-9502-y

Lieberman L, Jackson FLC. 1995. Race and three models of human origin. American Anthropologist 97:231-242. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1995.97.2.02a00030

McChesney KY. 2015. Teaching diversity: The science you need to know to explain why race is not biological. SAGE Open.5(4) https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015611712

Montagu MFA. 1950. A consideration of the concept of race. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 15:315-336. 10.1101/SQB.1950.015.01.029

Munung NS, Mayosi BM, de Vries J. 2017. Equity in international health research collaborations in Africa: Perceptions and expectations of African researchers. PLoS ONE 12(10):e0186237. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186237

Reporting of findings for interviews with African researchers working on international collaborations. The common themes were fears of exploitation of African researchers, the need to establish equitable research partnerships ("rules" of engagement, involvement of African researchers in decision making, and African leadership in projects), as well as capacity building (in terms of training and skills, infrastructure, and access to funding).

Nelson RG, Rutherford JN, Hinde K, Clancy KBH. 2017. Signaling safety: characterizing fieldwork experiences and their implications for career trajectories. American Anthropologist 119:710-722. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.12929

North M, Hastie, W, and Hoyer, L. 2020. Out of Africa: The underrepresentation of African Authors in High-Impact Geoscience literatue. Vol(208). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825220303081

Norton HL, Quillen EE, Bigham AW, Pearson, LN and Dunsworth H. 2019. Human races are not like dog breeds: refuting a racist analogy. Evo Edu Outreach 12, 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12052-019-0109-y

Ossorio P, Duster T. 2005. Race and genetics: controversies in biomedical, behavioral, and forensic sciences. American Psychologist. 60:115-128. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.1.115

Rapoport S. 2002. Rosalind Franklin: unsung hero of the DNA revolution. The History Teacher 36:116-127. 10.2307/1512499

Relethford JH. 2009. Race and Global Patterns of Phenotypic Variation. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 139:16-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20900

Specifically discusses skin global skin color variations and craniometrics. Reviews historical/classic studies in which scientists have recreated racial clusters when samples are highly dispersed. But provides a reason why this type of analysis is not valid → i.e. when you force a categorical scheme onto clinal data, you can create whatever clusters you want. What pattern does the data reveal? The data reveal that variation decreases with distances from Africa.

Sankar P & Khan J. 2005. BiDil: race medicine or race marketing? Health Affairs 24(1):455-464. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.w5.455

Tells the story of how the first medicine advertised for black people specifically actually lacked the scientific support that the medical issue was specifically a black issue. There is a book that provides more in-depth information that teachers could read for more background while assigning students to read the article.

Schroeder L. 2020. Revolutionary fossils, ancient biomolecules, and reflects in ethics and decolonization: paleoanthropology in 2019. American Anthropologist 122:306-320. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13410

Schwartz JH. 2006. Race and the odd history of human paleontology. The Anatomical Record. 289B(6):225-240. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.b.20119

Sinclaire AJ, Cecil JR. 2016. The decolonizing generation: (race and) theory in anthropology since the eighties. Current Anthropology 57(2):129-148. 10.1086/685502

Sirugo G, Williams SM, Tishkoff SA. 2019. The missing diversity in human genetic studies. Cell 177(1):26-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.048

Short commentary on the bias in genomic research in genome wide association studies and the implications for this bias in application to health resources, identification and prevalence of certain disease markers, and contribution to ongoing health disparities. Has a good figure showing a pie graph of bias in GWAS studies by ancestry.

Smaglik, P (2011). Education: Time to teach. Nature 477, 499–501. https://doi.org/10.1038/nj7365-499a

Smedley, A. and Smedley. B. 2005. Race as Biology is Fiction, Racism as a Social Problem is Real. American Psychologists 60(1):16-26: 10.1037/0003-066X.60.1.16

Paper focusing on both Anthropology and Psychology. It defines culture, ethnicity and race prior to discussing the overall history of race and the use of race in recent history. The paper describes how science was used to confirm race (e.g, IQ tests) and how science today has confirmed that people's social race rarely matches that of human biological diversity. Basically summing up the argument that race is not biological but still holds incredible social power and is key to the institutional discrimination we see today with specific examples of health care and public policy. It ends with a compelling sentence suggesting that if the government fails to address racial and ethnic inequality, "racialized" science will continue to attempt to explain race with biological terms (e.g., genetic) rather than focus on the social institutions that perpetuate the idea of race.

Tishkoff SA and Kidd KK. 2004. Implications of biogeography of human populations for 'race' and medicine. Nature Genetics 36(11):S21-S27. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1438

Reviews models of human origins and compares to human genetic variation. Emphasizes that the genetic pattern that is observed is one that reflects the recent origin and dispersal from Africa. Talks about the role of selection and biomedical implications. Is a little dated in that there is little discussion of the impact of past and current racists policies impacting some racial categories more than others (which in medical literature is sometimes described as a racial or ethnic characteristic).

Tuck E & Yang KW. 2012. Decolonization is not a metaphor. Decolonization:Indigeneity, Education & Society 1(1):1-40. https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/des/article/view/18630

Washburn SL. 1951. The New Physical Anthropology. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences 13(7):298-304. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2164-0947.1951.tb01033.x

Watkins RJ. 2012. Biohistorical narratives of racial difference in the American Negro: notes toward a nuanced history of American Physical ANthropology. Current Anthropology 53(55):S196-S209. 10.1086/662416

Watkins RJ. 2007. Knowledge from the margins: W. Montague Cobb's pioneering research in biocultural anthropology. American Anthropologist 109:186-196. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2007.109.1.186

Books

Brace, CL. 2005. Race is a Four-Letter Word: the genesis of the concept. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195173512

Gives an in-depth review of how specifically american physical anthropology contributed to racists ideas. This would be a good book for all physical anthropologists to read or a book similar to this.

Coates T. 2015. Between the World and Me. Random House. ISBN: 978-0451482211

Coates T. 2018. We Were Eight Years In Power: an American tragedy. One World Publishing. ISBN: 978-0399590573

Coates T. 2008. The Beautiful Struggle. Random House. ISBN: 978-0385527460

DiAngelo R. 2018. White Fragility: why it's so hard for white people to talk about racism. Beacon Press. ISBN: 978-0807047415

Fabian A. 2010. The Skull Collectors: race, science, and America's unburied dead. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226233482

Gould JS. 1981. The Mismeasure of Man. WW Norton & Company. ISBN: 978-0393314250

A newly updated version is a direct response to The Bell Curve. It includes some essays and expanded forward in reaction to the publication of the Bell Curve. Gould presents the history of the use of intelligence tests and the supposedly correlated measures of cranial capacity. Gould revisits the original data and finds some mismeasuring occurred.

Hannaford I. 1996. Race: the history of an idea in the west. John Hopkins University Press. ISBN: 978-0801852237

Haraway D. 1989. Primate Visions: gender, race, and nature in the world of modern science. Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415902946 (blurb from SpiderMonkeyTales Blog)

A feminist examination of primatology's history, focusing on the role of race, gender, and colonialism. I debated putting this on here solely because the last time I attempted to read this book, I struggled to get through it and understand it--I'm not sure how much I really read and absorbed from that attempt. However, it's an important contribution, and it's been long enough that I should give it another attempt at a re-read.

Herrnstein RJ & Murray C. 1994. The Bell Curve: intelligence and class structure in American Life. Free Press Paperbacks. ISBN: 978-0684824291

This is a racist book and very long book with lots of graphs and statistics which gives it a scientific sheen. Gould's Mismeasure of Man is almost a direct reaction to this book even though it was originally published before Bell Curve was released. Excerpts could be used as a teaching example of what pseudoscience looks like and how it can be deceptive and dangerous. It would pair well with some of Gould's essay responses to the Bell Curve.

Hrdlicka A. 1919. Physical Anthropology: its scope and aims; Its history and present status in America. Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology. ISBN: 978-0526868803 Download PDF from Google Books

Kahn J. 2013. Race in a Bottle: the story of BiDil and racialized medicine in a post-genomic age. Columbia University Press. ISBN: 978-0231162999

Tells the story of how the first medicine advertised for black people specifically actually lacked the scientific support that the medical issue was specifically a black issue. There is a RadioLab podcast that discusses BiDil (https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/radiolab/segments/91657-race-and-medicine) as well as many shorter articles that could be used to start a discussion of race in the classroom. Teachers are recommended to read the book and present a shortened version to students (either the podcast or articles). Article: Sankar P & Khan J. 2005. BiDil: race medicine or race marketing? Health Affairs 24(1): 455-464. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.w5.455

Kendi IX. 2019. How to Be Antiracist. Random House ISBN: 978-0525509288

Kendi, IX. 2016. Stamped from the Beginning: the definitive history of racist ideas in America. Bold Type Books. ISBN: 978-1568585987

Provides an overview of the development of the three major positions about racism (assimilationists, segregationists, and antiracists). Kendi reviews this history using 5 historical figures (Cotten Mather, Thomas Jefferson, William Lloyd Garrison, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Angela Davis) to present how these three positions have changed and influenced racist policy in America.

King C. 2020. Gods of the Upper Air: how a circle of renegade anthropologists reinvented race, sex, and gender in the twentieth century. Anchor. ISBN: 978-0525432326

Provides history of Boas and his students in American anthropology.

Kuljian C. 2016. Darwin's Hunch: Science, Race and the Search for Human Origins. Jacana Media. ISBN: 978-43142452

Goes into detail about the history of, and political backdrop behind, palaeoanthropology in South Africa. If it's not already, would be a great text included to Palaeo-focused classes, and maybe excerpts could be selected for undergrads.

Oluo I. 2019. So You Want to Talk About Race. Seal Press. ISBN: 978-1580058827

Painter NI. 2010. The History of White People. WW Norton & Company. ISBN: 978-0393339741

Provides a history of the concept of white people as a group. Starts with Greeks, Scythians, Romans, Celts, Gauls, and Germani and migrates to America and expands the concept of white people with each major immigration wave and/or reaction to racist policies.

Parrenas JS. 2018. Decolonizing Extinction: the work of care in orangutan rehabilitation. Duke University Press. ISBN: 978-0822370772 (blurb from SpiderMonkeyTales Blog)

Multispecies ethnography focusing on the work of caring for rehabilitant orangutans from decolonial, feminist perspective, highlight the unequal, neocolonial hierarchies in sanctuary care and conservation management, and the way in which emphasis on prioritizing breeding to increase population numbers may overlook the animals' welfare.

Penniman TK. 1952. A Hundred Years of Anthropology, 2nd Edition. Duckworth & Company. ISBN: 978-0688052690.

Porr M & Matthews J. 2019. Interrogating Human Origins: Decolonisation and the Deep Human Past. Routledge Publishers. ISBN: 978-1138300439

Redman SJ. 2016. Bone Rooms: from scientific racism to human prehistory in museums. Harvard University Press. ISBN: 978-0674660410

Roberts, D. 2011. Fatal Invention: How Science Politics and Big Business Re-create Race in the 21st century. ISBN: 978-1595588340.

History of race in the lens of how science was used to back up the concept of race with a focus on genetic testing, DNA database, and race-specific drugs on the basis that many scientists attempt to use science to support different races and how this promotes inequality. It dives into recent science too and brings it into current time.

Roberts, D. 1997. Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction and the Meaning of Liberty. Vintage. ISBN: 978-0679758693

A little dated but still incredibly relevant. Black law professor, Dorothy Roberts, looks at the ways today's laws have been interpreted to mirror the repression of black women's bodies during slavery in relation to reproductive rights. Includes in depth chapters on the origins of birth control, with specific reference to norplant, twists of child endangerment laws, and restrictions on welfare all with references to court cases and statistics to underline how these policies are enacted in the guise to protect children, but enforcement often does the opposite highlighting the racists foundations of many of these policies.

Rothstein R. 2010. The Color of Law: A forgotten history of how our government segregated America. Liveright Publishing Corporation. ISBN: 978-1631494536

This book has an amazing 17-minute video that sums up the book (https://www.segregatedbydesign.com/). This could be a great teaching tool to talk about how past (and current) policies influence family economic, social, and educational outcomes.

Skloot R. 2010. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. Broadway Paperbacks. ISBN: 978-1400052189

In-depth look at the origin of HeLa cells, an immortal cancer cell line, taken without permission from the black woman, Henrietta Lacks. The book traces the descendants of Henrietta Lacks and reclaims some of her personal history and struggle.

Stocking Jr. GW. 1982. Race, Culture, and Evolution: essays in the history of anthropology. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226774947

Strum S & Fedigan L (eds). 2000. Primate Encounters: models of science, gender, and society. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226777542 (blurb from SpiderMonkeyTales Blog)

An edited volume exploring the ways in which primate research is shaped by broader cultural and historical patterns. It's been a long time since I've read this one, but my favorite chapters were those that offered perspectives from Japan and Brazil.

Tuniz C, Gillespie R, Jones C. 2009. The Bone Readers: science and politics in human origins research. Routledge. ISBN: 978-1598744750

Focus is Australia.

Washington, H. 2006. Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Time to the Present. ISBN: 978-0767915472

History of the American medical systems and Black people starting from slavery to modern times. It also specifically describes racist ideas that many doctors/people hold today in popular culture.

Wolpoff M & Caspari R. 2007. Race and Human Evolution: a fatal attraction. Simon & Schuster. ISBN: 978-1416577966.

About the Out-of-Africa and Multiregional hypotheses and the influence and ties to social and political ideas.

Book Sections/Chapters

Ahuja N. 2013. Macaques in Biomedicine: notes on decolonization, polio, and changing representation of indian rhesus in the United States, 1930-1960. IN: The Macaque Connection: cooperation and conflict between humans and macaques. Radhakrishna S, Huffman MA, Sinha A (eds). Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Spring 43:71-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3967-7_5 (blurb from SpiderMonkeyTales Blog)

Describes the history of Indian Rhesus macaque exportation to the United States, within the larger backdrop of British colonialism, the establishment of Indian Rhesus macaques as a biomedical model in the United States, as well as some of the broader history colonial and neo-colonial history of importing primates and establishing as biomedical models. This is especially useful for the perspective of how Clarence Ray Carpenter's research and export of Rhesus macaques from India to Puerto Rico was predicated on a colonial model of science, and how early waves of American exportation from British colonial India despite religious and cultural objections.

Armelago GJ, Carlson DS, Van Gerven DP. 1982. The theoretical foundations and development of skeletal biology. IN: A History of American Physical Anthropology 1930-1980. F Spencer (Ed.) Academic Press. Pg. 305-328. PDF

Athreya S, Ackermann RR. 2020. Colonialism and narratives of human origins in Asia and Africa. IN: Interrogating Human Origins: Decolonisation and the Deep Human Past. JM Matthews (ed.) Routledge pg 72-95. ISBN: 978-1138300439

Baldwin-Jones A. 2018. Charles Preston Warren II: military forensic anthropologist, scholar, and applied scientist. IN: The Second Generation of African American Pioneers in Anthropology. IE Harrison, D Johnson-Simon, EL Williams (eds.) University of Illinois Press pg 15-26. ISBN: 978-0252083716

Baptiste J. 1972. Degradation and simplification of organization from one extremity to the other of the animal chain, proceedings from the most complex to the simplest. Bimana. IN: Climbing Man's Family Tree: A collection of major writings on human phylogeny, 1699 to 1971. TD McCown and KAR Kennedy (eds). Prentice-Hall Inc. pg. 80-88. ISBN: 978-0131376380

Blumenbach JF. 1865. On the natural variety of mankind. IN: The Anthropological Treatises of Johann Friedrich Blumenbach. T Bendyshe (ed.) Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green. pg 264-276. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50868

Brace CL. 1982. The roots of the race concept in American Physical Anthropology. IN: A History of American Physical Anthropology 1930-1980. F Spencer (ed.) Academic Press. pg. 11-29. ISBN: 978-0126566604

Fisher RA. 1930. Conditions of permanent civilization. IN: The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Clarendon Press. Pg. 256-265. ISBN: 978-0198504405

Fisher RA. 1930. The social selection of fertility. IN: The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Clarendon Press. Pg. 228-255. ISBN: 978-0198504405

Goodman M, Cronin JE. 1982. Molecular anthropology: its development and current direction. IN: A History of American Physical Anthropology 1930-1980. F Spencer (ed.) Academic Press pg 105-146. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330630113

Gould SJ. 1981. American polygeny and craniometry before Darwin. IN: The Mismeasure of Man. WW Norton & Company. Pg 62-104. ISBN: 978-0393314250

Gould SJ. 1981. THe Hereditarian Theory of IQ. IN: The Mismeasure of Man. WW Norton & Company. Pg. 176-263. ISBN: 978-0393314250

Huxley TH. On the natural history of the man-like apes. IN: Man's Place in Nature. SJ Gould (ed) The Modern Library. Pg. 3-58. https://doi.org/10.1037/12851-001

Lans A. 2018. Whatever was once associated with him, continues to bear his stamp: Articulating and dissecting George S. Huntington and his anatomical collection. IN: Bioarchaeological Analyses and Bodies. PK Stone (ed.) Springer International pg 11-26. 10.1007/978-3-319-71114-0

Larsen CS, Walker PL. 2005. The ethics of bioarchaeology. IN: Biological Anthropology and Ethics: From Repatriation to Genetic Identify. TR Turner (ed.) State University of New York Press. Pg. 111-119. http://anthropology.msu.edu/anp489-fs17/files/2012/08/Ethics-of-Bioarchaeology.pdf

Leclerc GL. 1972. The Nomenclature of Apes. IN: Climbing Man's Family Tree: A collection of major writings on human phylogeny, 1699 to 1971. TD McCown and KAR Kennedy (eds). Prentice-Hall Inc. pg. 49-67. ISBN: 978-0131376380

Little MA, Sussman RW. 2010. History of biological anthropology. IN: A companion to Biological Anthropology. CS Larsen (ed.) Wiley-Blackwell pg 13-28. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444320039.ch1

Muller C, Dortch J. 2020. Traditional owner participation in genetic research: a researcher perspective. IN: Interrogating Human Origins: Decolonisation and the Deep Human Past. M Porr, JM Matthews (eds.) Routledge pg 72-95. ISBN: 978-1138300439

Relethford JH. 1982. Race and the conflicts within the profession of physical anthropology during the 1950s and 1960s. IN: A History of American Physical Anthropology 1930-1980. F Spencer (ed.) Academic Press pg 207-219. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330630113

Tinbergen N. Functional Ethology and the Human sciences 1972. IN: The Animal in its world: Explorations of an ethologist 1932-1972. Volume Two: Laboratory Experiments and General Papers. Harvard University Press Pg. 200 -231. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1972.0085

Tyson E. 1972. Orang-Outang sive Homo sylvestris: or the anatomy of a pygmie. IN: Climbing Man's Family Tree: A collection of major writings on human phylogeny, 1699 to 1971. TD McCown and KAR Kennedy (eds). Prentice-Hall Inc. pg. 41-66. ISBN: 978-0131376380

Wallace AR. 1889. Darwinism applied to man. IN: Darwinism: an exposition of the theory of natural selection with some of its applications. Macmillan and Co. Pg. 445-478. ISBN: 978-0342172191

Videos

Carson Q. 2017. Pedagogy of the Decolonizing. TEDx. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IN17Os8JAr8

Lopez M, Rothstein R, and YouTooCanWoo. 2019. Segregated by Design. https://www.segregatedbydesign.com/

This 17minute video reviews du jure versus de facto segregation in terms of housing policies. It compliments the book by Rothstein.

Polavarapu S. 2019. Decolonize your Mind. TEDx. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZ3_BnN8YmQ

Sanchez N. 2019. Decolonization is For Everyone. TEDx. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QP9x1NnCWNY

Wangechi L. 2019. Decolonising the Mind. TEDx. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tWJlmibuNDE

Blogs & Online Resources

Bumpus, N. 2020. Too Many Senior White Academics Still Resist Recognizing Racism. Nature World View. [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02203-w]

Chen J. et al., 2022. Rules all PIs should follow. Science Letter. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abp9887

Collins-Key. 2022. After my Ph.D. advisers were investigated for sexual misconduct, it took a commmunity to help me recover. Science. https://www.science.org/content/article/after-my-ph-d-adviser-was-investigated-sexual-misconduct-it-took-community-help-me

Curiel-Allen T. 2018. What Decolonization Is, and What It Means to Me. Teen Vogue. https://www.teenvogue.com/story/what-decolonization-is-and-what-it-means-to-me

Dance, A. 2022. Constructive Critism: Journals need a wide range of peer reviewers, and there are many ways junior scientists can get involved. Nature Work. https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-022-00216-1/d41586-022-00216-1.pdf

Das L.T. 2020. When Jokes Aren't Funny. Science Working Life. [https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6501/342]

Describes microaggressions in the form of racist jokes told in labs and their impacts.

De Vos A. 2020. The Problem of 'Colonial Science': conservation projects in the developing world should invest in local scientific talent and infrastructure. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-problem-of-colonial-science/ (blurb from SpiderMonkeyTales Blog)

Not specific to primatology, but about the problems of doing "helicopter science" and the way that global conservation research structures and funding create power imbalances and limit opportunities for local researchers to access funding and shape conservation research driven by local cultural knowledge and expertise.

Eyers P. 2017. Decolonization ~ Meaning What Exactly? Stone Circle Press. https://unsettlingamerica.wordpress.com/2017/10/11/decolonization-meaning-what-exactly/

Fleming N. 2019. Avoiding PhD Deadline Rage. Springer Nature Limited. https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-019-03020-6/d41586-019-03020-6.pdf

Forrester, N. 2020. Diversity in science: next steps for research group leaders. Nature Career Guide. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02681-y

Foustseri, G. 2022. Lab meetings shouldn’t feel intimidating. Here’s how I’ve changed mine. Science Careers. https://www.science.org/content/article/lab-meetings-shouldn-t-feel-intimidating-here-s-how-i-ve-changed-mine?utm_campaign=SciMag&utm_source=Social&utm_medium=Twitter

Gewin V. 2020. Fighting Racism Demands more than just Words. Nature Magazine. [https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-020-01883-8/d41586-020-01883-8.pdf]

Interviews from Black scientists calling on their colleagues/institutions to take actions against systemic bias in academia.

Gewin V. 2020. The Time Tax put on Scientists of Colour. Nature Article. [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01920-6]

Explores how Black faculty and faculty members from other undepressented groups are often used to serve on diversity, equity and inclusivity committees resulting in a culural tax, which add to the work load not experienced by white faculty members.

Hupfeld, K. 2022. Others helped me become a scientist. Now, I’m paying it forward. Science Careers. https://www.science.org/content/article/others-helped-me-become-scientist-now-i-m-paying-it-forward

Johnson A. 2018. Decolonizing Primatology: Part I. Anthropology365. https://anthropology365.com/2018/11/19/decolonizing-primatology-part-i/ (blurb from SpiderMonkeyTales Blog)

Explores Kinji Imanishi's A Japanese View of Nature: The World of Living Things, focusing on Imanishi's perspectives on Darwinian natural selection from a Japanese perspective. Darwinian evolutionary theory has roots in the deterministic Western Enlightenment philosophy, whereas Imanishi views are shaped by Japanese cultural perspectives.

Khelifa, R. 2021. I faced barriers as a researcher from Africa. Now I’m pushing for change. Science. https://www.science.org/content/article/i-faced-barriers-researcher-africa-now-i-m-pushing-change

Laland, K. 2020. Racism in Academia, and why the little things matter. Nature Career Essay [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02471-6]

Describes subtle biases, structural inequalities and micro-aggressions in academia and how academics must challenge these

Mclean S-A. 2017. Science that Unsettles. Real Scientists. http://realscientists.org/2017/06/15/science-that-unsettles/

Moore, E. 2022. Student loans nearly derailed my Ph.D. ambitions. I worry about other underrepresented students, too. Science Careers. https://www.science.org/content/article/student-loans-nearly-derailed-my-ph-d-ambitions-i-worry-about-other-underrepresented

Nkomo MN. 2020. The Achilles Heel of Conservation. iLizwi. http://ilizwi.co.za/the-achilles-heel-of-conservation/ (blurb from SpiderMonkeyTales Blog)

Not specific to primatology, but broadly about the way that African conservation centers white foreigners while being closed to local Black Africans.

Nugent, A. 2021. Discovering allyship at a historically Black university. Nature Career Column. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02527-1

Posselt, J. 2022. Five reasons graduate programs reject stellar applicants. Science Working Life. https://www.science.org/content/article/five-reasons-graduate-programs-reject-stellar-applicants?utm_campaign=SciMag&utm_source=Social&utm_medium=Twitter

Religia, P. 2021. My Ph.D. advisers expected weekly progress reports. I’m glad they did. Nature Careers. https://www.science.org/content/article/my-ph-d-advisers-expected-weekly-progress-reports-i-m-glad-they-did

Ritskes E. 2012. What is Decolonization and Why does it Matter? https://intercontinentalcry.org/what-is-decolonization-and-why-does-it-matter/

Roberts J. 2020. White Academics: Do Better. [https://medium.com/the-faculty/white-academia-do-better-fa96cede1fc5]

Generalized to all academics and how supremacy is embedded into academia

Rodrigues MA. 2020. Neocolonial Narratives or Primate Conservation. IUCN Primate Specialist Group Section for Human Primate Interactions. https://human-primate-interactions.org/blog/ (blurb from SpiderMonkeyTales Blog)

Examines how the National Geographic documentary Jane reiterates the neocolonial narratives of primate research and African conservation, and more broadly, the way that primate conservation research is rooted in colonial and neocolonial history.

Rodrigues MA. 2019. Is Science Failing the World's Primates? The Revelator. https://therevelator.org/primates-research/ (blurb from SpiderMonkeyTales Blog)

A summary of Bezanson and McNamara's (2019) study on field sites and taxonomic biases in primate research (see above) with suggestions on ways to address these issues.

Rodrigues MA. 2019. It's Time to Stop Lionizing Dian Fossey as a Conservation Hero. Lady Science. https://www.ladyscience.com/ideas/time-to-stop-lionizing-dian-fossey-conservation (blurb from SpiderMonkeyTales Blog)

Addressing the way in which veneration of Dian Fossey as a conservation martyr overlooks her violent methods that were rooted in neo-colonialism and racism.

Thurber A, Harbin MB, Bandy J. 2019. Teaching Race: Pedagogy and Practice. Vanderbilt University Center for Teaching. https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/teaching-race/.

A guide reviewing what challenges instructors (not just anthropology) face while teaching race in the classroom. Presents five pedagogical principles for teaching race and strategies for implementing this in the classroom.

Torjesen, I. 2021. How to shrink the gap that holds Black scientists back. Nature Career News. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02618-z

Virguez, E. 2022. How I balanced my Ph.D. research with opening doors for others. Science Careers. https://www.science.org/content/article/how-i-balanced-my-ph-d-research-opening-doors-others

White KP. 2018. White Allies, Let's Be Honest About Decolonization. Yes! Solutions to Journalism. https://www.yesmagazine.org/issue/decolonize/2018/04/03/white-allies-lets-be-honest-about-decolonization/

Woolston, C. 2021. Workplace Diversity: Good intentions are not enough. Nature Magazine. https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-03043-y/d41586-021-03043-y.pdf

Podcasts

Wheeler S. 2008. Race and Medicine. RadioLab. https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/radiolab/segments/91657-race-and-medicine

Podcast that talks specifically about BiDil, the first medicine advertised for a racial group. Can be paired with the book by Kahn (2013) or article by Sankar & Khan (2005).

Part B: Resources for More Diverse Authors of Biological Anthropology Subjects

The resources included in Part B do not address race and/or colonization specifically, but are authored by researchers that self-identify as black and as biological anthropologists. Tisa Loewen already curates a list for these resources and you are directed there:

Black Bio Anth Spreadsheet